A common catch at Creamer’s Field Migration Station, Dark-eyed Juncos are one of the most numerous songbirds in North America. Their dark plumage stands out in sharp contrast to snowy environments, making them one of the more recognizable winter birds. You can spot them in deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forests across the continent, as well as in suburban areas.

Juncos’ appearance varies by region. There are 15 different regional variations, 5 of which are so different, they were considered to be separate species for many decades. The two most common varieties are the Slate-colored Junco and the Oregon Junco. The Slate-colored Junco is what we see at Creamer’s Field. They are a smooth slate gray color on top, with a white underside. Oregon Juncos, on the other hand, have brown backs, orange sides, and black wings and black “hoods.” Both varieties have pink beaks and pearly black eyes–their namesake.

At CFMS, Dark-eyed Juncos rank second in our all-time capture totals; we’ve caught over 17,000 since 1992. In 2024, juncos were our most common bird, with 235 banded. They are one of the first migrants to arrive at our station in the spring, and among the last to depart in the fall.